阅读材料：火星探险

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　　火星探险(一)Driving on Mars

　　漫游火星

　　Interplanetary robot

　　星际机器人

　　Mars fascinates scientists because of its similarity to Earth, and it fascinates the public because our myth of 'Martians' is a vision of life beyond Earth. The Mars adventure continues with the launch of a robot vehicle by UK scientists. It's part of project to build an 'autonomous robotic scientist' to explore the Martian surface and is key to the European Space Agency's 2011 ExoMars mission.

　　火星因为与地球相似而深深地吸引着科学家，而公众为之着迷，是因为神秘的火星人是我们对地球以外生命的猜测。火星探险仍在继续，英国科学家计划发射一种机器人漫游车。这是探测火星表面的“自动机器人科学家”计划的一部分，是欧洲太空局2011年的ExoMars“漫游者”任务的关键。

　　The six-wheeled vehicle housing a myriad of scientific instruments and detectors is the Mars rover, nicknamed 'Bridget'. Astrium, an EADS company, are developing the ExoMars rover prototype and coordinating its technologies with other UK-based institutions.

　　这个六个轮的机器配备有众多的科学仪器，而探测器是火星漫游者，绰号叫“布里吉特”。EADS Astrium公司正在研制ExoMars火星漫游者的原型，并融合其他英国的研究机构的技术。

　　Test bed to prove the rover's stamina

　　试验漫游者持久力的测试平台

　　Searching for a terrain similar to that found on Mars, the team took the rover to El Teide National Park in Tenerife. Lester Waugh, leading the EADS Astrium team, explains, 'The rover's not waterproof so we need good weather to test it in, but also the conditions need to be dry as any moisture affects the way the sand reacts under the wheels.'

　　为了寻找与火星相似的地形，探测队将漫游者带到位于特内里费(Tenerife)的El Teide国家公园。带领EADS Astrium探测队的组长Lester Waugh解释道：“火星漫游者并不防水，所以测试当天必须天气晴朗，环境干燥，因为任何湿气都会影响轮下的沙土的反作用。

　　Solar panels will supply power and radioisotope heater units will help it withstand the extreme cold on Mars. The team is optimizing the performance of the wheels, suspension, the drive system, so it doesn't dig itself in on tricky terrain.

　　太阳能电池板将提供电力，而放射性同位素加热器单元能够经受火星的严寒气候。探测队正在改进车轮、悬吊和驱动系统的性能，这样漫游车着陆时就不会陷入复杂的地形中。

　　Taking up to twenty minutes for radio signals to reach Earth demands a powerful navigation system to allow the rover to operate solo so they are also developing next generation computer software capabilities.

　　无线电信号到达地球需要长达20分钟的时间，这就需要一个强大的导航系统，允许漫游者独立运作，因此，他们也在开发新一代的计算机软件的功能。

　　Maximizing productive science time

　　将科学工作时间化

　　The rover will land on Mars packed to capacity with scientific gadgets designed to be as light and as small as possible. These include: a microseismometer searching for Marsquakes; an advanced meteorological system analysing the Martian weather; a wide-angled panoramic camera which will be our eyes on Mars; a Raman spectrometer providing rock analyses; even a mole to retrieve samples from beneath the surface.

　　漫游者将满载着设计得重量轻、体积小的科学仪器，在火星着陆。这些仪器包括：寻找火星地震的微震计、分析火星气候的气象系统、广角全景照相机，以作为我们火星上的眼睛、用于分析岩石的拉曼光谱仪，甚至还有获取地表以下样本的挖掘器。

　　The extended development time is essential for rigorous testing, as Waugh explains, 'When we put things in space we have to make sure that they'll survive the radiation environment, the extremes of heat and cold. Our science productivity is crucial, and malfunctions may affect that. The more science we get back the better justification there is for spending more money on planetary exploration.

　　延长的探测时间对于严格的测试非常重要，正如Waugh解释道：“当我们向太空发射探测器时，我们必须确保这些探测器能够经受住辐射环境、酷热和严寒的气候。我们的科学效能至关重要，故障可能会影响科学效能。我们取回的科学样本越多，就越好地证明了投资更多的财力进行行星探索的必要。”

　　火星探险(二)

　　火星一号移民计划 探险者的单程票

　　An ambitious project to establish a human colony on Mars has attracted applications from tens of thousands of would-be astronauts, just two weeks after applications opened.

　　一项雄心勃勃的火星人类殖民计划在开放申请短短两周之内就吸引了成千上万名宇航员志愿者。

　　The mission, a private venture by the Dutch non-profit organization Mars One, aims to send a crew to the Red Planet in 2022 – and, due to the physiological change in the human body after a stay on Mars, there’d be no coming back. That hasn’t deterredpeople, though: so far, over 200,000 people have applied to become one of Mars’ first immigrants. “This is turning out to be the most desired job in history,” says Bas Lansdorp, co-founder of Mars One.

　　该计划由荷兰非盈利组织火星一号发起，目标在2022年向火星遣送一批人员。由于停留在火星上会使人体出现一些生理上的变化，这批人员预计不会再返回地球，而这并没有阻止人们。迄今为止，已有超过20万人报名首批移民火星。火星一号联合创始人巴斯·兰斯卓普称，“这将成为历史上最令人钦羡的工作。”

　　Day-to-day life on Mars will be no picnic: The organization says that the daily routine on the planet would involve construction work on the colony (installing greenhouses, for example), maintenance of the settlement’s systems and research into Mars’ climate and geological history–all in an inhospitable environment with unbreathable air and an average temperature in the planet’s mid-latitudes of around -58 degrees Farenheit.

　　在火星上的日常生活并不会多痛苦：该组织介绍，在火星上的日常活动将包括殖民地的建设工作(例如安装温室)，殖民地系统的维修工作以及研究火星的气候和地质历史。所有这些工作都需要在恶劣的生存环境中完成，火星上没有适宜人呼吸的空气，殖民地将设在火星中纬度地区，平均气温大约是-58华氏度(-50摄氏度)。

　　But Mars One says it is not looking for applicants with specific skills, such as a science degree, that might be useful during an interplanetary posting. Instead, they are looking for people who “have a deep sense of purpose, willingness to build and maintain healthy relationships, the capacity for self-reflection and ability to trust.” They also want volunteers who are “resilient, adaptable, curious, creative and resourceful.” Candidates will receive a minimum of eight years training before leaving Earth, the company says.

　　但是火星一号组织同时也表示，他们并不需要申请者拥有什么特定技能，例如获得了可能在宇航活动中派上用场的科学学位。不过，他们希望申请者“具有很强的使命感，愿意建立并维系良好的关系，能够反思并信任他人”，同时还应“坚韧，有很强的适应力、好奇心和创造力并且机智”。公司称，候选人在离开地球前将接受为期最短8年的培训。

　　Candidates hailing from over 120 countries (although the vast majority are from the U.S.) uploaded a video to Mars One’s website explaining why they’re suitable for the mission. Kyle, a 21-year-old grocery store clerk from the U.S., says he wants to be “an explorer and pioneer at the forefront of history.” Steven, a 43-year-old American who works in electronics, has even higher hopes for the mission: “I would like to go to Mars… to discover new life,” he says.

　　来自120多个国家的候选人(虽然大多数来自美国)在火星一号网站上上传了自己的视频，解释他们为什么适合这次的任务。21岁的凯勒来自美国，是一家杂货店的店员。他表示他希望成为“一名处在历史前沿的开拓者和先锋”。43岁的史蒂芬也来自美国，从事电子方面的工作，他对这次的任务有着更高的希望：“我希望到火星上去发现新的生命。”

　　In addition to people skills, successful applicants must be good fundraisers too: Mars One plans to raise much of the mission’s $6 billion estimated cost through a reality TV show following the applicants as they undergo preparations for the one-way trip to Mars.

　　除了人际交往能力之外，候选人也必须有很强的筹资能力：火星一号计划通过真人秀为该次任务筹措所需的大约60亿美元资金，真人秀节目将会跟踪拍摄候选人准备这趟有去无回的火星之旅的过程。

　　以上就是新航道雅思为大家整理的阅读材料：火星探险，希望对大家有所帮助。

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