2016年11月03日雅思大作文题目
老城市会产生哪些新问题，如何解决?
Many towns and cities constructed in previous centuries are suitable for life at that time, and cause many problems today. Describe the problems it may cause and give the possible solution.
这是一道report类作文题，不需要考生就某个观点展开讨论，但要求考生描写一种现象及其产生的问题，然后提出解决方案，与通常意义上的报告有些类似，因此我们将这种题型定义为report题型。
如何描写某一现象/事物可能引起的问题?或者说，我们应该从哪些方面去寻找这些问题?经常阅读唐老师本专栏的读者，想来对唐老师提出的写作构思“三层次”理论已经相当熟悉了吧?如果还不熟悉，请务必回读唐老师在“新航道三分钟学雅思”的“雅思作文真题直击”专栏(文章最下方有每期链接噢)，唐老师每周在那里解析当周雅思作文真题并提供范文。写作构思中的三层次包括物质(physical)层次、心理(emotional,psychological, spiritual) 层次以及社会(societal)层次，从这些层次来考虑问题，可以解决多数雅思作文中“写什么”的问题。当然，知道这三层次的理论还不够，还需要通过大量实践来验证和练习，直到完全熟练掌握。一方面多读唐老师的范文，一方面自己找题目多思考，多练习，一旦掌握了这个思维方法，雅思写作就会轻松很多!
好了，现在唐老师即将给大家一个示范，看看“三层次”理论究竟如何具体使用。本题涉及的问题是：以前的城市都是按照当时的历史条件和生活需求来建造的，现在产生了很多问题，如何解决这些问题?
物质层次：衣食住行。过去不需要大型超市，现在需要;过去不需要宽阔的街道，现在需要;过去不需要地铁和机场，现在需要。这些属于物质层次的范畴。
心理层次：休闲娱乐。过去不需要电影院，现在需要;过去不需要公共图书馆/博物馆，现在需要;过去不需要大型广场，现在需要。这些属于心理层次的范畴。
社会层次：环境与社会。过去不需要区分居住区、工业区和商业区，现在需要;过去(也许)不需要城市中心花园，现在需要;过去不需要废品回收站，现在需要。这些属于社会层次的范畴。
大家看看，如果我们有一条明确的思维线索，我们就不会再感觉头脑空空，或者感觉头脑混乱，按照这个思路写下去，既有很多内容，又能确保逻辑性，同时解决“无话可说”和“思绪混乱”两大写作难题。正是：走遍东西南北中，不如新航道三分钟!(有没有很押韵~~)
7分范文
Many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago have become obsolete now, no matter how brilliant they used to be, for they are no longer suitable for life today.
In my view, these cities and towns may cause three kinds of problems. At the most basic level, they can no longer provide satisfactory conditions for our modern existence. A bit more than 100 years ago, people did not use buses or cars, so the city did not have broad streets; people did not travel by train or airplane, so the city was not equipped with any railway station or airport; most people shopped in the stores near their homes, so the city did not have to own shopping malls or supermarkets. As more and more people rush into urban areas, the city hasexpanded with the population, and modern urban people would find themselves unable tosurvive without the broad streets, the train, the airplane and the supermarket. Meanwhile, cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who, relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances, suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. For example, these cities and towns are not likely to have 3-D or IMAX movie theaters for movie fans, or huge stadiums for sports fans.Consequently, people may find their life in such cities and towns are most boring and tedious. Finally, the cities and towns constructed long time ago cannot possibly have anticipated the negative effects of environmental issues brought over by our modern life, so they usually have residence area, industrial area and business area all mixed up without separating them. This is, of course, unbearable to our urban life style today.
While the century-old cities and towns may carry much cultural and historical value, they must be re-constructed in the interest of people living in them today. The city infrastructure must be reshaped and include such facilities as shopping centers, sports stadiums, wide streets and pavements and provide services like metro, train, and airplane. And to minimize the unfavorable effects of modern life on urban populace, the cities and towns should be set the areas apart by their respective functions. (373 words)
老师笔记
Many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago have become obsolete now, no matter how brilliant they used to be, for they are no longer suitable for life today.
(1) 本段按照题目要求，简单描写现象。(2) 注意唐老师这里对原文的改写。原文：Many cities and towns constructed in previous centuries... 改写：many cities and towns built a few hundred years ago...(3) “数个世纪之前修建的城镇”是本文关键词，唐老师有如下不同表达：cities and towns built a few hundred years ago; cities and towns constructed a few centuries ago; cities and towns built a long time ago; the century-old cities and towns(4) obsolete adj. 过时的;不再使用的
In my view, these cities and towns may cause three kinds of problems. At the most basic level, they can no longer provide satisfactory conditions for our modern existence. A bit more than 100 years ago, people did not use buses or cars, so the city did not have broad streets; people did not travel by train or airplane, so the city was not equipped with any railway station or airport; most people shopped in the stores near their homes, so the city did not have to own shopping malls or supermarkets. As more and more people rush into urban areas, the city hasexpanded with the population, and modern urban people would find themselves unable tosurvive without the broad streets, the train, the airplane and the supermarket. Meanwhile, cities and towns built centuries ago do not have enough entertainment and sports facilities available to contemporary city dwellers who, relieved of the manual labor by the technological advances, suddenly find they have a great amount of free time. For example, these cities and towns are not likely to have 3-D or IMAX movie theaters for movie fans, or huge stadiums for sports fans. Consequently, people may find their life in such cities and towns are most boring and tedious. Finally, the cities and towns constructed long time ago cannot possibly have anticipated the negative effects of environmental issues brought over by our modern life, so they usually have residence area, industrial area and business area all mixed up without separating them. This is, of course, unbearable to our urban life style today.
(1) 本段讨论老城镇给现代生活带来的问题。句为主题句，提出本段的核心内容。(2) 在讨论这三个问题的时候，有两个地方值得大家学习模仿。首先，唐老师没有使用firstly...secondly...finally 这样的套路(当然，这样写也不能算错，只是显得单调)，而是使用了 “at the most basic level”(在最基础的层面上)， “meanwhile”(同时)， “finally”(最后)。其二，唐老师在讨论这三个问题时，遵循的是由浅入深，由具体到抽象的逻辑顺序：先讨论老城镇给我们的衣食住行带来的问题，接着讨论给我们健康娱乐带来的问题，最后讨论给我们的社会环境带来的问题，这样行文就会显得更具连贯性。雅思写作要得高分，需要全面考虑语言质量和逻辑连贯，二者缺一不可。同学们平时应该对此多加练习，改变想到哪写到哪的坏习惯。(3) at the most basic level 在最基础的层面上(4) existence n. 生存;存在(5) expand v. 扩张(6) survive v. 生存(7) facilities 设施 sports facilities 体育设施(8) city dwellers 城市居民。本文“城市居民”这个词需要反复出现，唐老师用了多种替换表达：people living in cities and towns; city people; urban population; urban people 等。(9) relieve sb. of... 使某人从......解脱出来(10) consequently 结果 (=as a result)(11) anticipate v. 预料，期待 (=expect)
While the century-old cities and towns may carry much cultural and historical value, they must be re-constructed in the interest of people living in them today. The city infrastructure must be reshaped and include such facilities as shopping centers, sports stadiums, wide streets and pavements and provide services like metro, train, and airplane. And to minimize theunfavorable effects of modern life on urban populace, the cities and towns should be set the areas apart by their respective functions.
(1) 本段针对前面的问题提出解决办法。(2) carry 携带，此处如果用have，就显得过于普通了。(3) in the interest of... 符合......的利益(4) infrastructure 基础设施(5) minimize 使......最小化(6) unfavorable 不利的;不适合的(7) populace 人口(8) respective 各自的。
参考译文
许多数百年前修建的城镇无论曾经多么辉煌，如今都已败落，因为它们不再适应今天的生活。
我认为，这样的城镇可能引起三种问题。在最基础的层面上，它们不再能够为现代生活提供令人满意的条件。大约100多年前，人们不使用公共汽车和轿车，因此城市没有宽阔的街道;人们不乘坐火车或飞机旅行，因此城市没有配备火车站或飞机场;绝大多数人都在家附近的商店购物，因此城市不必拥有购物商场或超市。随着越来越多的人涌进城市，城市已经随着人口而扩张，今天的城市人如果没有宽阔的街道，火车，飞机和超市，他们将无法生存。同时，由于技术的发展，当代城市居民已经从手工劳作中解脱出来，他们突然发现自己有大量空闲时间，但是数世纪前修建的城镇却没有足够的娱乐和体育设施供他们使用。比如，这样的城镇不太可能拥有影迷可以去的3-D或IMAX电影院，或者体育迷可以去的大型体育场馆。结果，人们会发现住在这样的城镇，生活极度枯燥无聊。最后，很久以前建造的城镇不可能预见到现代生活引起的环境问题的负面影响，因此它们通常将住宅区、工业区和商业区混在一起，不予分区。这对今天的城市生活方式而言当然是不可忍受的。
虽然这些百年城镇可能有很多文化和历史价值，但为了生活在其中的人们，这些城镇必须改造。城镇基础设施必须重新构建，将购物中心、体育场馆、宽阔街道和人行道等包括进来，同时提供地铁、火车和飞机服务。同时，为了尽量减少现代生活对城市居民的不良影响，城镇应该按照各自功能进行分区。
(文 唐伟胜 新航道特约雅思学术顾问)
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