新托福综合写作攻略

　　TOEFL iBT 的写作部分包括两项任务：综合写作(Integrated Writing Task)和独立写作(Independent Writing Task)。

　　综合写作(Integrated Writing Task)考查考生通过写作对所读到或者听到的学术信息进行交流的能力。对于这项任务，考生首先必须花3 分钟的时间阅读一篇学术性主题的文章，然后考生会听到一个与这个主题相关的讲座，最后，考生要概括所听文章的要点，并且解释它们与阅读文章里具体的论点是怎样相互关联的。

　　关于任务中的问题，可以用几种不同的方式来表达。如果讲座对阅读文章里面的信息提出质疑，那么写作任务通常有以下几种表达方式：

　　1. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点，解释它们是怎样对阅读文章中的具体要点提出质疑的。)

　　2. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点，解释它们是怎样对阅读文章中的具体主张/ 论据进行反驳的。)

　　3. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点，具体解释它们是怎样回答阅读文章中提出的问题的。)

　　如果讲座支持或加强了阅读文章中的信息，写作的要求通常会以下面的方式来表达：

　　1. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点，具体解释它们是怎样支持阅读文章中的解释的。)

　　2. Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点，具体解释它们是怎样加强阅读文章里面的具体要点的。)

　　第二节 综合写作评分标准

　　下面是评分者在批阅综合写作答卷的时候所使用的ETS 官方评分指南，可以帮助考生更好地了解评分者在寻找答卷中的什么内容。本书也提供了一些不同分数段的样卷，以具体的实例帮助考生了解评分标准。

　　Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

　　READING

　　Read the passage.

　　“Honesty is the best policy”. “Do not bear false witness”. There are numerous sayings extolling the virtues of honesty, and warning against the vice of lying. Honesty is the foundation for any successful human interaction. Be it a friendship between two people or the relationship between a government and its citizens, honesty is the most important prerequisite for success.This being the case, lying should be avoided in every situation.

　　In a friendship or romantic relationship, dishonesty will always tear the relationship apart in the end. Especially at the beginning of a relationship, honesty is important to determine whether or not the individuals are compatible. If a man lied about his true nature, he may enter into a doomed relationship. Full disclosure from the beginning is always the best mode of operation.

　　Furthermore, once a lie is discovered, the distrust caused by the lie can never be undone. False assertions about the cause of the Iraq War has undermined the Bush Administration with the American people and the world at large. Surely, there is a great deal of truth in the expression “what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to deceive”.

　　译 文

　　“诚实是上策”，“不要做假证”。有许多这样的箴言警句歌颂诚实的美德，告诫撒谎的邪恶。诚实是任何成功的人际关系的基础。不管是两人之间的友谊，还是政府和人民之间的关系，诚实就是成功的最重要的前提。既然是这样，在任何情况下都不要撒谎。

　　在朋友或一种浪漫的关系中，不诚实总是最终会导致关系的破裂。尤其是关系刚开始的时候，诚实是非常重要的，它决定了两个人是否情投意合。如果一个人对于自己的本性撒了谎，他建立的可能是一种注定要失败的关系。从一开始就完全坦诚一直都是的方式。

　　另外，一旦谎言被揭穿，因为撒谎而造成的不信任是永远也无法弥补的。关于伊拉克战争起因的虚假说法，已经破坏了布什政府在美国人民中乃至在全世界的形象。毫无疑问，“当我们次实施欺骗时，就已编织了一张难缠的网。”这句话说得非常有道理。