北美新托福考试写作真题

　　Directions:

　　For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.

　　Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer

　　the question.

　　Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.

　　You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.

　　Write your response in the space provided.

　　【Reading】

　　You will have 3 minutes to read the passage.

　　Sucralose is a sugar substitute popularly believed to be useful in helping weight loss. But a number of studies have cast doubts on these claims as well as raising concerns about the substance’s safety.

　　Some studies have suggested, for instance, that the compound is detrimental to the immune system of mice used as test subjects. The evidence seems to imply that, as sucralose atoms replace regular sugar atoms, the resulting compounds in the consumer’s cells is toxic. This, of course, raises fears that sucralose may have a similar effect on humans.

　　Another test using mice found that mice eating the substance showed a loss of up to 50% in the levels of beneficial intestinal bacteria. This significantly raised pH levels in the subjects. Since low pH level is associated with weight loss, the study’s authors, at Duke University, went so far as to hint that sucralose might actually lead to weight gain among regular consumers.

　　Finally and more prosaically, sucralose cannot by itself change eating habits. People enjoy the sensation of eating sugar. If they do not get their so-called “sugar high” from its substitute, they will in all likelihood break their diets and consume real sugar alongside sucralose.

　　Then you will hear:

　　Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. MP3-3

　　【Essay Topic】

　　Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading.

　　You must finish your answer in 20 minutes.

　　解题思路

　　【Reading】阅读下面的文章，记录主要内容。

　　Sucralose is a sugar substitute popularly believed to be useful in helping weight loss. But a number of studies have cast doubts on these claims as well as raising concerns about the substance’s safety.

　　Some studies have suggested, for instance, that the compound is detrimental to the immune system of mice used as test subjects. The evidence seems to imply that, as sucralose atoms replace regular sugar atoms, the resulting compounds in the consumer’s cells is toxic. This, of course, raises fears that sucralose may have a similar effect on humans.

　　Another test using mice found that mice eating the substance showed a loss of up to 50% in the levels of beneficial intestinal bacteria. This significantly raised pH levels in the subjects. Since low pH level is associated with weight loss, the study’s authors, at Duke University, went so far as to hint that sucralose might actually lead to weight gain among regular consumers.

　　Finally and more prosaically, sucralose cannot by itself change eating habits. People enjoy the sensation of eating sugar. If they do not get their so-called “sugar high” from its substitute, they will in all likelihood break their diets and consume real sugar alongside sucralose.

　　【Note-taking】文章的主要内容记录如下：

　　假说

　　[ 原文摘要] surcralose = sugar substitute

　　concerns → safety

　　[ 笔记转述] surcralose is a sugar substitute which may be harmful to

　　people’s health.

　　根据1

　　[ 原文摘要] × → immune sys → mice = → human

　　[ 笔记转述] surcralose might damage the human immune system.

　　根据2

　　[ 原文摘要] ↑ weight

　　[ 笔记转述] The sugar substitute would increase the weight of human body.

　　根据3

　　[ 原文摘要] × change eating habits

　　× enjoy substitute → real sugar

　　[ 笔记转述] The sugar substitute won’t change people’s eating habits

　　and stop them from getting real sugar.

　　Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. MP3-3

　　【Lecture-Script】下面为课堂讲义，记录主要内容。

　　I suppose the moral of today’s lesson is don’t buy stock in any company making sucralose, right? The news is all bad. Well, wait just a moment. There are studies that are skeptical about the idea of what the reading repeats. But let’s look a little more closely.

　　Take that claim that eating sucralose impairs the immune system in mice. Well, it does. But consider how much sucralose the mice were given. And consider how tiny a mouse is. According to a report, a human would have to eat 11,450 packets of sucralose a day to equal the mouse’s intake. That’s impossible for a person to do! And who would even try? So the study cannot be called science. It’s more a matter of trying to scare people. Print garbage like this in The National Enquirer and leave scientists alone.

　　As for the Duke study about bacteria, some scholars of public health school have long criticized the research as, “not scientifically rigorous.” The sugar substitute cannot be fully absorbed by humans. Moreover, no test on humans has had similar results, but weight gain cannot hold the water.

　　Finally, OK, people like their sugar. But the fact that people fall in love with their bad habits can’t be used to criticize sucralose. Losing weight involves a lot of factors. Substituting one thing for something healthier is the idea. So, what do we say? Sucralose: it might not be sugar, and it might not taste great. But it certainly seems to be safe.

　　【Note-taking】笔记如下:

　　反驳 skeptical…reading

　　[ 笔记转述] The professor cast doubt on the reading’s assertion about

　　Sucralose.

　　理由1 human ← 11,450 pck = mouse → × healthy

　　[ 笔记转述] The sugar won’t do any harm to human immune system unless

　　people take 11,450 packets of sucralose a day.

　　理由2 human × absorb ∴ × ↑ weight

　　[ 笔记转述] People won’t gain any weight since the sugar cannot be fully

　　assimilated into human body.

　　理由3 ppl → bad habit

　　substitute → health → safe

　　[ 笔记转述] Since people enjoy being addicted to bad habit like eating

　　sugar, sucralose is a good idea to maintain a healthy diet

　　and keep them safe.

　　下面我们来研究如何将阅读和听力材料中的主要内容整理、组织成一篇文章。

　　【假说- 反驳答题模板】

　　Introduction

　　The reading states 阅读材料中的假说

　　On the contrary, the professor cast doubt on 讲义中的反驳

　　Body paragraphs

　　Firstly, The reading mentions that 阅读材料中的论据1

　　However, the professor suggests that 反驳理由1

　　Second, the reading cites 阅读材料中的论据2

　　But the professor says that 反驳理由2 的细节

　　Lastly, the reading says that 阅读材料中的论据 3

　　The professor rebuts this by saying that 反驳理由3

　　参考范文

　　【假说】 The reading states several doubts about the claim that

　　sucralose is useful in helping weight loss. On the contrary,

　　【反驳】 the professor cast doubt on the reading’s assertion about

　　Sucralose.

　　【假说根据1】Firstly, the reading mentions that surcraclose might damage

　　【反驳理由1】the human immune system. However, the professor suggests

　　that the sugar substitute won’t do any harm to human immune

　　system unless people take 11,450 packets of sucralose a day.

　　【假说根据2】Second, the reading cites the sugar substitute would

　　【反驳理由2】increase the weight of human body. But the professor says

　　that people won’t gain any weight since the sugar cannot

　　be fully assimilated into human body.

　　【假说根据3】Lastly, the reading says that the sugar substitute won’t

　　change people’s eating habits and stop them from getting

　　【反驳理由3】real sugar. The professor rebuts this by saying that since

　　people enjoy being addicted to bad habit like eating sugar,

　　sucralose is a good idea to maintain a healthy diet and keep

　　them safe.